Freeman (1977)
prefacio
· 1835-1975
· 1835-1975
introdução
· 16/20 livros; 166 papers/notes; 42 panfletos/textos curtos; 116 edições de livros; 57 reimpressões americanas e 109 [desatualizado? Até 1882?] traduções;
· Freeman desafia Peckham
· Duas dificuldades:
o Murray imprimia poucas cópias (as vezes menos de 2000), de modo que existem várias reimpressões com mudanças editoriais minimas
· Murray as vezes erra o número de impressões, as vezes muda a titlepage de acordo com a velocidade de venda do livro.
· Precedentes:
o ‘Three of Darwin’s works havereceivedserious bibliographical treatment. The origin of species has been surveyed in great detail by Morse Peckham in his comparative edition ofthe texts of 1959. He covers all English editions andissues up to 1890, and his formaldescriptions include consideration of paper, type and bindingcases, as well as summaries of Murray’s accounts. That I have been able to add threeissues in Darwin's lifetime and makea few small corrections onlyindicates the difficulties involved in seeing copies ofall issues, especially in America. H. D. Horblit, in the Grolier Club volume One hundred books famous in science, 1964, has also given full description of the first edition of the same work. Lady Barlow has considered theJournal of researches in her Charles Darwin and the voyageofthe Beagle, 1945. She covers six editions and issues from the first in 1839 up to 1870, but omits that of 1852. She also covers Letters on geology, and some ofthe papers in serials which relate to the voyage. A full bibliographical description ofLiving Cirripedia is available in Curle’s The Ray Society a bibliographicalhistory, 1934.
· Nos EUA:
o In the early days, up to 1860, the American editions seem to have been independent of the English, Harper producing eight issues of the Journal of researches, the first in 1846 from the second English ofthe previous year. By 1860, Appleton becamethe standard publisher and, from the fourth issue of Theorigin ofspecies of that year, Darwin was able to gain some financial advantage as well as to send corrections for future editions. Later, from atleast The expression of the emotions, 1873, Mutray provided stereos from which the Appleton editions were printed. Appleton, like Murray, printed in small numbersat a time, andthereare in consequence large number of title pageissues. These are usually dated, buthe did not print the thousands on thetitle pages as Murray did, so that the separate printings are harder to identify. There are several other American publishers in the early days, although most of their books were produced after their Copyright Act of 1891. 14 15
· Tradução:
o Almostall ofDarwin’s main works and manyofthelittle things have been translated. (Only his taxonomic work on barnacles 1s found in English alone.) Theyare found in at least thirty-three languages, includ~ ing elevenin his lifetime. The origin ofspecies has appeared in twentynine, elevenin hislifetime; Journal ofresearches in twenty-two, six in his lifetime; and the Descent ofman in cighteen, eight in his lifetime. I have entered here all that I have seen recorded, but they are notoriously difficult to track down and holdings m English and American libraries are thin. It was Darwin’s habit, as has been mentioned above,to enter into correspondence withhis translators and to send them amendments, so that some foreign texts maybe as important as the English ones. In ‘one case atleast, the Russian Variation under domestication, he sent corrected proofs to the translator, who published in parts so that some of the text ofhis edition pre-dates the first English. In entering foreign languageeditions in thelist, I have omittedtitles to obviate errors, except where these are conspicuously different from theoriginals. 15
· Postumamente, Murray e Elder mantiverama maioria dos livros disponíveis e algumas novas edições foram capitaneadas por Francis. Elder paraou em 1891 e Murray continuou até no mínimo 1929, bem após o fim do copyright. Apenas a Origem e o Journal of Researches se mantiveram constatemente disponíveis até a ww2. O interesse em HC fez com que algumas editoras produzissem fac-símiles de praticamente todos os livros.
· Letters on Geology 1835 é a primeira impressão de Darwin (lembrando que ele não foi publicado), mas seu nome foi publicado antes em 1829 em Illustrations of British entomology, organizado por James Francis Stephens. Uma carta conjunta dele e Fitzroy foi publicada em 1836 no South African Christina Recorder. O Journal of Researches foi publicado em 1839, embora ele tenha sido edigor do Zoology of the Beagle 1838.
· 16/20 livros; 166 papers/notes; 42 panfletos/textos curtos; 116 edições de livros; 57 reimpressões americanas e 109 [desatualizado? Até 1882?] traduções;
· Freeman desafia Peckham
· Duas dificuldades:
o Murray imprimia poucas cópias (as vezes menos de 2000), de modo que existem várias reimpressões com mudanças editoriais minimas
· Murray as vezes erra o número de impressões, as vezes muda a titlepage de acordo com a velocidade de venda do livro.
· Precedentes:
o ‘Three of Darwin’s works havereceivedserious bibliographical treatment. The origin of species has been surveyed in great detail by Morse Peckham in his comparative edition ofthe texts of 1959. He covers all English editions andissues up to 1890, and his formaldescriptions include consideration of paper, type and bindingcases, as well as summaries of Murray’s accounts. That I have been able to add threeissues in Darwin's lifetime and makea few small corrections onlyindicates the difficulties involved in seeing copies ofall issues, especially in America. H. D. Horblit, in the Grolier Club volume One hundred books famous in science, 1964, has also given full description of the first edition of the same work. Lady Barlow has considered theJournal of researches in her Charles Darwin and the voyageofthe Beagle, 1945. She covers six editions and issues from the first in 1839 up to 1870, but omits that of 1852. She also covers Letters on geology, and some ofthe papers in serials which relate to the voyage. A full bibliographical description ofLiving Cirripedia is available in Curle’s The Ray Society a bibliographicalhistory, 1934.
· Nos EUA:
o In the early days, up to 1860, the American editions seem to have been independent of the English, Harper producing eight issues of the Journal of researches, the first in 1846 from the second English ofthe previous year. By 1860, Appleton becamethe standard publisher and, from the fourth issue of Theorigin ofspecies of that year, Darwin was able to gain some financial advantage as well as to send corrections for future editions. Later, from atleast The expression of the emotions, 1873, Mutray provided stereos from which the Appleton editions were printed. Appleton, like Murray, printed in small numbersat a time, andthereare in consequence large number of title pageissues. These are usually dated, buthe did not print the thousands on thetitle pages as Murray did, so that the separate printings are harder to identify. There are several other American publishers in the early days, although most of their books were produced after their Copyright Act of 1891. 14 15
· Tradução:
o Almostall ofDarwin’s main works and manyofthelittle things have been translated. (Only his taxonomic work on barnacles 1s found in English alone.) Theyare found in at least thirty-three languages, includ~ ing elevenin his lifetime. The origin ofspecies has appeared in twentynine, elevenin hislifetime; Journal ofresearches in twenty-two, six in his lifetime; and the Descent ofman in cighteen, eight in his lifetime. I have entered here all that I have seen recorded, but they are notoriously difficult to track down and holdings m English and American libraries are thin. It was Darwin’s habit, as has been mentioned above,to enter into correspondence withhis translators and to send them amendments, so that some foreign texts maybe as important as the English ones. In ‘one case atleast, the Russian Variation under domestication, he sent corrected proofs to the translator, who published in parts so that some of the text ofhis edition pre-dates the first English. In entering foreign languageeditions in thelist, I have omittedtitles to obviate errors, except where these are conspicuously different from theoriginals. 15
· Postumamente, Murray e Elder mantiverama maioria dos livros disponíveis e algumas novas edições foram capitaneadas por Francis. Elder paraou em 1891 e Murray continuou até no mínimo 1929, bem após o fim do copyright. Apenas a Origem e o Journal of Researches se mantiveram constatemente disponíveis até a ww2. O interesse em HC fez com que algumas editoras produzissem fac-símiles de praticamente todos os livros.
· Letters on Geology 1835 é a primeira impressão de Darwin (lembrando que ele não foi publicado), mas seu nome foi publicado antes em 1829 em Illustrations of British entomology, organizado por James Francis Stephens. Uma carta conjunta dele e Fitzroy foi publicada em 1836 no South African Christina Recorder. O Journal of Researches foi publicado em 1839, embora ele tenha sido edigor do Zoology of the Beagle 1838.
origem das espécies
· Peckham confirma que a edição e 1876 é diferente da de 1872, embora tenha tido acesso apenas a impressão de 1878 Peckham não registra a 5mil de 1859 e as 12 e 13mil de 1872. 13mil de 72 e 73 são a mesma. Ainda: He describes the fifteenth thousand of1875 and the twentieth of 1878, both of which he had seen, as being identical in format with the thirteenth of 1873. ‘Whereasthelatter is an octavoin eights, the former two,as well as the eighteenth of 1876, are octavosin twelves. Hetreats all the octavos in twelves as duodecimos, when Murray’s accounts makeit clear that they are octavos imposed in sheet and half. (74)
· He states (p. 9)that editions since 1898 have not contained the summary ofdifferences. Murray Darwinsafter this date occurin three forms, thestandard,in cloth, those in Murray’s Library series in cloth, and the cheap in paper covers.All the issuesare listed in the printing of1920, and all that I have seen do contain the summary ofdifferences. Indeed I have never seen. a Murray Darwin without it after 1861, whenitfirst appeared. Healso states thatissues after 1898are printedfromthestereos ofthe two volumeLibrary Edition repaginated.This is true oftheissues which are paginated xxxi -+ 703 pp., buttherearealsoissues in both cloth and paper witha pagination ofxxi -+ 432pp; these are the cheap ones which tend notto be foundin libraries. His statement on page [792] thatin the later issues, fromthe thirty-fifth thousand of 1888, the thousands givenon the title pages are correctis not true because he has ignored the two volume Library Edition of 1888 which is the thirty-third thousand. Finally, he considers only the editions andissues printed in England. 74
· Tradução:
o Darwin was extremely keenthat his ideas shouldbedisseminatedas widely as possible bytranslation, and that the changes in these ideas should also reach foreign editions. To this end, he corresponded with translators and with publishers. Certainly, the fourth American printing of 1860 and the first Spanish of 1877 contain matter not presentin any Englishprinting. Theearly Germanand Frencheditions also need examination, Although Peckham describes andillustrates the bindings,he doesnot seem to have seen enough copies to notice evenstriking variationsin them. 74
o The book was translated in Darwin’s lifetime into Danish, Dutch, French, German, Hungarian, Italian, Polish, Russian, Serbian, Spanish and Swedish, and has appeared in a further eighteen languages since. This total of twenty-nineis higher than any otherscientific work, ex~ ceptfor the first books ofEuclid. The Autobiography also gives Bohemian andJapanese; the formerrefers to the Serbian, but he was misinformed aboutthelatter; the first appearedin 1896. Darwin was not happy about the first German translation. It was done from the second English edition by H. G. Bronn, who had, at Darwin's suggestion, added an appendix ofthe difficulties which occurred to him; but he had also excised bits of which he did not approve. This edition also contains the historical sketch in its shorter and carlier form. The text was tactfully revised byJ. V. Carus whoremained the most faithful and punctualof all Darwin's translators. There were also difficulties with the first French. Mile Royer, who Darwin described as ‘one of the cleverest and oddest women in Europe’ and wished ‘had known more ofnatural history’, added her own footnotes, He was notreally happy until the third translation by Edouard Barbier appearedin 1876. Thefirst Spanish, of1877, contains twoletters from Darwin which havenotbeen printed elsewhere. 83 84
· Big book of species, a primeira metade deu origem ao Variation (1868) e a segunda chamada natural selection foi publicada em Stauffer. Hooker ficou agradecido do Origin (abstract) ter saído antes já que os 3 volumes seriam muita informação
· Foi vendida as lojas em 22.11.1859, 1500 foram pedidas, publicada dia 24, 1250 foram impressas das quais 1170 (12+20 separadas para Darwin e 41 para review e 5 para Stationer’s Hall) estavam disponíveis. Logo as cópias não foram todas vendidas ao público no mesmo dia, mas às livrarias.
o ‘Three misprints have been noticedinthis text, the first of which persists in all British and American editions, except those based on earlier texts, to this day; it is also transferredto translations. Thelast sentence of the third paragraph of Chapter XIV (p. 365) reads:
‘Tbelieve thatthisis the case, and that community of descent—the one known cause ofclosesimilarity in organic beings—is the bond, which though observed by various degrees of modification, is partially revealed to us by our classifications.”
‘The word ‘observed’ makes nonsenseof this sentence and,as the previousfiveeditions read ‘hidden asitis by various degrees of modification’. is clearly a misprintfor‘obscured’.
In the glossary ofscientific terms, the word ‘indigenes’ is misprinted “ndigeens’; this persists until 1888. […]
Finally, in this edition, the opening wordsof the Historical Sketch read ‘I will here a give a brief sketch . . .’. This continues unnoticed through seventeen printings from the samestereos; but it was corrected. when the whole book wasreset for the forty-first thousand of1891.
· Foi reimpressa como 13mil em 1872 e 1873
o Thetitle page ofthis issue bears ‘Sixth edition, with additions and corrections to 1872. Eighteenth thousand.’ What the intention ofthis changeofinscription was must remain doubtful. Thereare no additions to the text and the pagination, from stereos, is unchanged. There are however corrections, slight but undoubtedly those of Darwin himself. The two most obvious of these are the change from Cape de Verde Islands to Cape Verde Islands, and the change from climax to acme. The indexis notaltered so that Cape de Verde is retained there in this edition andlater issues and editions, including the two volumeLibrary Edition, which was entirely reset. Thereason for the changeofthe name ofthese islands is not known, and Cape de Verde is retained long afterwardsin issues of theJournal ofresearches printed from stereos. However Darwin had no copyright in his Journal and only Cape Verdeis found in Vegetable mould and worms which wasfirst published in 1881. Thereis also one small change in sense in Chapter XIV. The details of these changescan be foundin Peckham. 81 82
· Os mesmos stereos foram usados de 1878 até 1929, todos com a table e sketch. Resets aconteceram em 1888 O copyright da primeira edição expirou em 1901. Muitos reprints de edições distintas foram feitas: Modern reprints usually state that they are based onthesixth edition of 1872, but they are actually based on that of 1876. 82
· Edições americanas:
o The University of Virginia holds all four and their copies have ‘been examined with a Hinman scanner. Thetexts of thefirst three are identical, in spite of the statementon thetitle page ofthe third, and fol~ low that ofthefirst English. The fourth is considerably altered.It includes a supplementof seven pages at the end ofauthor’s ‘additions and. alterations . . . received too late to be incorporated in their properplaces’. It also contains the historical sketch, in its earlier and shorterform,as a preface. All four contain the whale-bear story in full.
· Peckham confirma que a edição e 1876 é diferente da de 1872, embora tenha tido acesso apenas a impressão de 1878 Peckham não registra a 5mil de 1859 e as 12 e 13mil de 1872. 13mil de 72 e 73 são a mesma. Ainda: He describes the fifteenth thousand of1875 and the twentieth of 1878, both of which he had seen, as being identical in format with the thirteenth of 1873. ‘Whereasthelatter is an octavoin eights, the former two,as well as the eighteenth of 1876, are octavosin twelves. Hetreats all the octavos in twelves as duodecimos, when Murray’s accounts makeit clear that they are octavos imposed in sheet and half. (74)
· He states (p. 9)that editions since 1898 have not contained the summary ofdifferences. Murray Darwinsafter this date occurin three forms, thestandard,in cloth, those in Murray’s Library series in cloth, and the cheap in paper covers.All the issuesare listed in the printing of1920, and all that I have seen do contain the summary ofdifferences. Indeed I have never seen. a Murray Darwin without it after 1861, whenitfirst appeared. Healso states thatissues after 1898are printedfromthestereos ofthe two volumeLibrary Edition repaginated.This is true oftheissues which are paginated xxxi -+ 703 pp., buttherearealsoissues in both cloth and paper witha pagination ofxxi -+ 432pp; these are the cheap ones which tend notto be foundin libraries. His statement on page [792] thatin the later issues, fromthe thirty-fifth thousand of 1888, the thousands givenon the title pages are correctis not true because he has ignored the two volume Library Edition of 1888 which is the thirty-third thousand. Finally, he considers only the editions andissues printed in England. 74
· Tradução:
o Darwin was extremely keenthat his ideas shouldbedisseminatedas widely as possible bytranslation, and that the changes in these ideas should also reach foreign editions. To this end, he corresponded with translators and with publishers. Certainly, the fourth American printing of 1860 and the first Spanish of 1877 contain matter not presentin any Englishprinting. Theearly Germanand Frencheditions also need examination, Although Peckham describes andillustrates the bindings,he doesnot seem to have seen enough copies to notice evenstriking variationsin them. 74
o The book was translated in Darwin’s lifetime into Danish, Dutch, French, German, Hungarian, Italian, Polish, Russian, Serbian, Spanish and Swedish, and has appeared in a further eighteen languages since. This total of twenty-nineis higher than any otherscientific work, ex~ ceptfor the first books ofEuclid. The Autobiography also gives Bohemian andJapanese; the formerrefers to the Serbian, but he was misinformed aboutthelatter; the first appearedin 1896. Darwin was not happy about the first German translation. It was done from the second English edition by H. G. Bronn, who had, at Darwin's suggestion, added an appendix ofthe difficulties which occurred to him; but he had also excised bits of which he did not approve. This edition also contains the historical sketch in its shorter and carlier form. The text was tactfully revised byJ. V. Carus whoremained the most faithful and punctualof all Darwin's translators. There were also difficulties with the first French. Mile Royer, who Darwin described as ‘one of the cleverest and oddest women in Europe’ and wished ‘had known more ofnatural history’, added her own footnotes, He was notreally happy until the third translation by Edouard Barbier appearedin 1876. Thefirst Spanish, of1877, contains twoletters from Darwin which havenotbeen printed elsewhere. 83 84
· Big book of species, a primeira metade deu origem ao Variation (1868) e a segunda chamada natural selection foi publicada em Stauffer. Hooker ficou agradecido do Origin (abstract) ter saído antes já que os 3 volumes seriam muita informação
· Foi vendida as lojas em 22.11.1859, 1500 foram pedidas, publicada dia 24, 1250 foram impressas das quais 1170 (12+20 separadas para Darwin e 41 para review e 5 para Stationer’s Hall) estavam disponíveis. Logo as cópias não foram todas vendidas ao público no mesmo dia, mas às livrarias.
o ‘Three misprints have been noticedinthis text, the first of which persists in all British and American editions, except those based on earlier texts, to this day; it is also transferredto translations. Thelast sentence of the third paragraph of Chapter XIV (p. 365) reads:
‘Tbelieve thatthisis the case, and that community of descent—the one known cause ofclosesimilarity in organic beings—is the bond, which though observed by various degrees of modification, is partially revealed to us by our classifications.”
‘The word ‘observed’ makes nonsenseof this sentence and,as the previousfiveeditions read ‘hidden asitis by various degrees of modification’. is clearly a misprintfor‘obscured’.
In the glossary ofscientific terms, the word ‘indigenes’ is misprinted “ndigeens’; this persists until 1888. […]
Finally, in this edition, the opening wordsof the Historical Sketch read ‘I will here a give a brief sketch . . .’. This continues unnoticed through seventeen printings from the samestereos; but it was corrected. when the whole book wasreset for the forty-first thousand of1891.
· Foi reimpressa como 13mil em 1872 e 1873
o Thetitle page ofthis issue bears ‘Sixth edition, with additions and corrections to 1872. Eighteenth thousand.’ What the intention ofthis changeofinscription was must remain doubtful. Thereare no additions to the text and the pagination, from stereos, is unchanged. There are however corrections, slight but undoubtedly those of Darwin himself. The two most obvious of these are the change from Cape de Verde Islands to Cape Verde Islands, and the change from climax to acme. The indexis notaltered so that Cape de Verde is retained there in this edition andlater issues and editions, including the two volumeLibrary Edition, which was entirely reset. Thereason for the changeofthe name ofthese islands is not known, and Cape de Verde is retained long afterwardsin issues of theJournal ofresearches printed from stereos. However Darwin had no copyright in his Journal and only Cape Verdeis found in Vegetable mould and worms which wasfirst published in 1881. Thereis also one small change in sense in Chapter XIV. The details of these changescan be foundin Peckham. 81 82
· Os mesmos stereos foram usados de 1878 até 1929, todos com a table e sketch. Resets aconteceram em 1888 O copyright da primeira edição expirou em 1901. Muitos reprints de edições distintas foram feitas: Modern reprints usually state that they are based onthesixth edition of 1872, but they are actually based on that of 1876. 82
· Edições americanas:
o The University of Virginia holds all four and their copies have ‘been examined with a Hinman scanner. Thetexts of thefirst three are identical, in spite of the statementon thetitle page ofthe third, and fol~ low that ofthefirst English. The fourth is considerably altered.It includes a supplementof seven pages at the end ofauthor’s ‘additions and. alterations . . . received too late to be incorporated in their properplaces’. It also contains the historical sketch, in its earlier and shorterform,as a preface. All four contain the whale-bear story in full.
descent of man
· Darwin evitou falar sobre evolução aplicada ao homem. Foi precedido por Huxley, Man’s place in nature 1862. Sua filha, Henrietta Emma, ajudou na correção.
· Darwin evitou falar sobre evolução aplicada ao homem. Foi precedido por Huxley, Man’s place in nature 1862. Sua filha, Henrietta Emma, ajudou na correção.
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